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Raccoon eye/eyes (also known in the United Kingdom and Ireland as panda eyes, though that term commonly refers to excess or smeared dark make-up around the eyes or to dark rings around the eyes) or periorbital ecchymosis is a sign of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma, a craniotomy that ruptured the meninges, or (rarely) certain cancers.〔EMT Prehospital Care (4th Edition)〕 Bilateral hemorrhage occurs when damage at the time of a facial fracture tears the meninges and causes the venous sinuses to bleed into the arachnoid villi and the cranial sinuses. In layman's terms, blood from skull fracture seeps into the soft tissue around the eyes. Raccoon eyes may be accompanied by Battle's sign, an ecchymosis behind the ear. These signs may be the only sign of a skull fracture, as it may not show on an X-ray. They may not appear until up 2–3 days after the injury.〔Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition)〕 It is recommended that the patient not blow their nose, cough vigorously, or strain to prevent further tearing of the meninges.〔Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms〕 Raccoon eyes may be bilateral or unilateral.〔Skull fractures. Step-by-step diagnostic approach. Best Practice, BMJ. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/398/diagnosis/step-by-step.html〕 If bilateral, it is highly suggestive of basilar skull fracture, with a positive predictive value of 85%. They are most often associated with fractures of the anterior cranial fossa.〔http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/398/diagnosis.html〕〔Visual Diagnosis in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Christopher P. Holstege,Alexander B. Baer,Jesse M. Pines,William J. Brady, page 228〕 Raccoon eyes may also be a sign of disseminated neuroblastoma or of amyloidosis (multiple myeloma). Depending on cause, raccoon eyes always require urgent consultation and management, that is surgical (facial fracture or post-craniotomy) or medical (neuroblastoma or amyloidosis). == See also == * Periorbital dark circles * Periorbital puffiness * Battle's sign 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raccoon eyes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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